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HTML basics - Part 2 - Character references

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HTML character references
When you are not able to enter some character directly, or when you want to make sure that a character appears exactly as you meant in spite of differencies in hardware or software components, you may use character references.
Character references are a character encoding-independent mechanism for entering any character.
Character references in HTML may appear in two forms:
  • Numeric character references (either decimal or hexadecimal)
  • Character entity references
Please find hereafter the most common character references. For more information, please check page Character entity references.

In the following table, some of the most commonly used character respresentations.
character description representation decimal
character
reference
character
entity
reference
non-breaking space      
quotation mark = APL quote " " "
ampersand & & &
less-than sign < &#60; &lt;
greater-than sign > &#62; &gt;
cent sign ¢ &#162; &cent;
pound £ &#163; &pound;
currency sign ¤ &#164; &curren;
yen sign ¥ &#165; &yen;
broken vertical bar ¦ &#166; &brvbar;
section sign § &#167; &sect;
copyright sign © &#169; &copy;
feminine ordinal indicator ª &#170; &ordf;
masculine ordinal indicator º &#186; &ordm;
not sign ¬ &#172; &not;
registered trade mark sign ® &#174; &reg;
degree sign ° &#176; &deg;
paragraph sign &#182; &para;
latin capital letter A with grave À &#192; &Agrave;
latin small letter a with grave à &#224; &agrave;
latin small letter a with acute á &#225; &aacute;
latin small letter a with circumflex â &#226; &acirc;
latin small letter a with tilde ã &#227; &atilde;
latin small letter a with diaeresis ä &#228; &auml;
latin small letter a with ring above å &#229; &aring;
latin small letter c with cedilla ç &#231; &ccedil;
latin small letter n with tilde ñ &#241; &ntilde;
division sign ÷ &#247; &divide;
euro sign &#8364; &euro;


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CHARREF